• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    cutter head for mining machine. the present invention deals with a cutting head for a mining machine that includes a first member, a cutting drill and a second member. the first member includes a first end and a second end and includes a first mass. the cutting bit is coupled to the first member near the second end. the cutting bit includes a rotating cutting edge on the shaft. the second member is rotatable around the axis and includes a second mass eccentrically positioned with respect to the axis. the rotation of the second mass causes the first member and the cutting bit to oscillate.
    公开号:BR112015005645B1
    申请号:R112015005645-8
    申请日:2013-09-16
    公开日:2021-03-30
    发明作者:Russell P. Smith；Andrew D. Hunter；Peter A. Lugg；Geoffrey W. Keech；Christopher Coates；Bradley M. Neilson；Ian B. Schirmer
    申请人:Joy Global Underground Mining Llc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Background of the Invention
    [001] The present invention deals with underground mining machines and, in particular, with a cutting head for an underground mining machine.
    [002] A continuous hard rock miner includes a cutting head with an oscillating cutting disc. The oscillating cutting disc transmits all dynamic cutting forces through the supports and the life of the supports is limited due to the high loads and high speed of the cutting discs. In addition, oscillating discs require large extensions of face sealing in the primary cutting area, while oscillating discs oscillate at frequencies normally around 50 Hz. It is difficult to seal a large area with high surface speed and this is even more complicated due to the fact that the cutting operation generates a large amount of highly abrasive rock particles. The combination of contaminated environment and high surface speed accelerates wear on the seals and reduces the seals' service life. In addition, deficiencies in seals and highly loaded brackets can be combined to further increase the maintenance and replacement of the cutting disc assembly. These factors also limit the frequency and eccentricity of oscillation of the cutting discs, in order to limit the total energy available for cutting the rock.
    [003] In addition, oscillating cutting disc systems usually do not have a means of directly monitoring the behavior of the disc cutter on the cutting surface. As a result, it is difficult to detect changes in cutting conditions (for example, when the hardness of the rock changes). Therefore, the operator is unable to control the blade cutter in order to optimize cutting performance. Brief Description of the Invention
    [004] In some respects, the present invention provides a cutting head for a mining machine that includes a frame and a boom movably coupled to the frame. The cutting head includes a first member, a cutting drill and a second member. The first member includes a first end and a second end and includes a first mass. The cutting bit is attached to the first member near the second end and includes a cutting edge. The second member is rotatable about an axis and includes a second mass positioned eccentrically with respect to the axis. The second mass and the first mass define at least partially a combined center of mass. The rotation of the second mass causes the first member and the cutting bit to oscillate over the combined center of mass along a closed path.
    [005] In other respects, the present invention provides a mining machine that includes a frame to support the machine on a support surface, a boom and a cutting head. The boom includes a first end coupled to the frame and a second end positioned away from the frame. The cutting head is a cutting head coupled to the second end of the boom, the cutting head includes a first member, a cutting bit and a second member. The first member defines a first end and a second end and includes a first mass and a coupling member that supports the first mass on the second end of the boom. The cutting bit is attached to the first member near the second end and includes a cutting edge. The first member and the cutting bit define at least partially a first center of mass. The second member is rotatable about an axis and includes a second mass positioned eccentrically with respect to the axis. The second mass defines a second center of mass. The first center of mass and the second center of mass define a combined center of mass. The rotation of the second mass around the axis causes the first member and the cutting bit to oscillate over the combined center of mass along a closed path.
    [006] In still other aspects, the present invention provides a mining machine that includes a frame to support the machine on a support surface, a boom, a cutting head and a coupling member. The boom includes a first end coupled to the frame and a second end positioned away from the frame; the second end includes a handle. The cutting head includes a first member and a cutting drill. The first member includes a first end coupled to the handle and a second end. The cutting bit is attached to the first member near the second end. The coupling member supports the first member on the second end of the boom to facilitate the oscillation of the cutting head with respect to the boom.
    [007] In still other aspects, the present invention provides a cutting head for a mining machine that includes a frame and a boom movably coupled to the frame. The cutting head includes a first member, a cutting bit, a fluid conductor and a series of nozzles. The first member includes a first end and a second end, being movable with respect to the second end. The cutting bit is attached to the first member near the second end. The fluid conductor extends through the first member and is configured to be in fluid communication with a fluid source. The nozzles are positioned on the cutting edge and are in fluid communication with the fluid conductor.
    [008] In still other aspects, the present invention provides a method of removing material from a rock wall. The method includes moving a cutting edge through the rock wall to create a first opening in the rock wall; moving the cutting edge through the rock wall to create a second opening in the rock wall, where the second opening is separated from the first opening by an uncut portion and the uncut portion defines a base surface attached to the wall; cutting a notch in the base surface of the uncut portion; and applying force to the uncut portion to break the uncut portion away from the wall.
    [009] In still other aspects, the present invention provides a method of controlling a mining machine. The method includes detecting a value for an indicator of the cutting efficiency of a cutting head; comparison of the detected value with a desired value; modifying an operating parameter in a first direction from an initial value to a second value; detection of changes in the cutting efficiency indicator; and, when the change in the cutting efficiency indicator represents an improvement, further modification of the operating parameter in the first direction to a third value.
    [0010] In still other aspects, the present invention provides a method of controlling a mining machine. The method includes detecting a first value of a cutting efficiency indicator for a first cutter; detecting a second value of a cutting efficiency indicator for a second cutter; comparing the first value with the second value to detect whether the first value is less than the second value; and, when the first value is less than the second value, modification of an operating parameter of the second cutter so that the second value equals the first value.
    [0011] Other aspects of the present invention will become evident upon consideration of the detailed description and the accompanying drawings. Brief Description of Drawings
    [0012] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a mining machine that fits into a mine wall.
    [0013] Figure 2 is a front perspective view of the mining machine in Figure 1.
    [0014] Figure 3 is a perspective view of a shaving head.
    [0015] Figure 3A is a side perspective view of the cutting head in Figure 3.
    [0016] Figure 4 is a front perspective view of all components of the cutting head in Figure 3.
    [0017] Figure 5 is a rear perspective view of all components of the cutting head in Figure 3.
    [0018] Figure 6 is a sectional view of the cutting head of Figure 3 taken along line 6-6.
    [0019] Figure 7 is a side view of a shaving head that fits into a mine wall.
    [0020] Figure 8 is an enlarged side view of a cutting head that fits into a mine wall.
    [0021] Figure 9 is a perspective view of a shaving head according to another embodiment.
    [0022] Figure 9A is a side perspective view of the cutting head of Figure 9.
    [0023] Figure 10 is a perspective view of all components of a shaving head according to another embodiment.
    [0024] Figure 11 is a sectional view of the cutting head of Figure 10 taken along line 11-11.
    [0025] Figure 12 is a sectional view of a cutting head according to another embodiment.
    [0026] Figure 13 is a sectional view of the cutting head of Figure 12 showing a fluid flow path.
    [0027] Figure 14 is a perspective view of a cutting bit.
    [0028] Before any realization of the present invention is explained in detail, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the disposition of the components set forth in the description below or illustrated in the drawings below. The present invention is capable of other embodiments and to be practiced or carried out in various ways. In addition, it should be understood that the phraseology and terminology used here are intended to describe and should not be considered limiting. The use of "includes", "understands" or "owns" and its variations in this document are intended to encompass the items listed below and their equivalents, as well as additional items. The terms "assembled", "connected" and "coupled" are used widely and include direct and indirect assembly, connection and coupling. In addition, “connected” and “coupled” are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings and may include direct or indirect electrical or hydraulic connections or couplings. In addition, electronic communications and notifications can be carried out using any known means and include direct connections, wireless connections, etc. Detailed Description of the Invention
    [0029] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a mining machine (10) includes a frame (14), a spear (18) and a cutting head (22) supported on the spear (18) to fit into a wall. mine (26). The frame (14) includes tracks (30) for moving the frame (14) over a support surface or mine floor (not shown). The frame (14) also includes a pick-up head (32) positioned next to the mine floor, close to the cutting head (22). The pick-up head (32) includes a platform (34) and rotating fingers (38) that send cut material to a conveyor (not shown). The frame (14) also includes a pair of arms (42) pivotally coupled to the frame (14). The arms (42) can be extended to a position in front of the pick-up head (32) to direct the cut material to the platform (34).
    [0030] The boom (18) is pivotally coupled to the frame (14) at one end and the operation of one or more first actuators (46) rotates, extends and retracts the boom (18) with respect to the frame (14) . In the illustrated embodiment, the first actuators (46) are hydraulic cylinders. In addition, in the illustrated embodiment, the lance (18) articulously supports the cutting head (22) on one end of the lance (18) opposite the frame (14). A second driver (50) (Figure 2) articulates the cutting head (22) with respect to the boom (18). The cutting head (22) is positioned so that the cutting head (22) fits the mine wall (26) with controlled force. The operation of the first drivers (46) moves the boom (18) with respect to the frame (14), in order to move the cutting head (22) over the mine wall (26) to produce a desired cutting profile. The angle between the shaving head (22) and the boom (18) is monitored continuously. Sensor data for the angle is provided for a control system to control the position of the boom (18). The speed of movement of the boom (18) can be adjusted to match the digging speed or the energy supplied to the mine wall (26).
    [0031] As illustrated in Figure 3, a coupling member or mounting handle (58) supports the cutting head (22) for articulated movement with respect to the boom (18) (Figure 2). In the embodiment of Figure 3, the cutting head (22) includes a first end (62), a second end (66) and a support plate (70) next to the first end (62). In the illustrated embodiment, the cutting head (22) includes a coupling member or arm (60) for supporting the cutting head (22) on the mounting handle (58). Several pins (74) are positioned around the perimeter of the support plate (70) and extend through the support plate (70) and the arm (60). Each pin (74) supports a spring (78), which reacts to the forces exerted on the cutting head (22) by the mine wall (26). The springs (78) also insulate the lance (18) against the transmission of vibrating forces from the cutting head (22). In some embodiments, each pin (74) also holds a shock absorber. With reference to Figure 3A, the geometry and mass of the cutting head (22) define a combined center of mass (80) that is generally positioned between the first end (62) and the cutting bit (86). The size, shape and density of the cutting head components (22) can be modified to adjust the position of the center of mass (80) with respect to the cutting bit (86).
    [0032] In other embodiments, a different type of cutting head (which includes a cutting head with a conventional oscillating disk cutter) can be attached to the arm (60) by the pins (74) and springs (78). In still other embodiments, a plate or joint spring is coupled between the support plate (70) and the boom (18). The plate spring is made of a fatigue-resistant material, such as a carbon fiber compound. The plate spring eliminates the need for mechanical joints and reduces wear on the coupling to increase service life.
    [0033] The shaving head (22) is illustrated in Figures 4-6. The cutting head (22) includes a cutting bit (86) close to the second end (66), a first or inertial member (90) coupled to the cutting bit (86) and a second member or exciter (94). In the illustrated embodiment, the cutting bit (86) is formed as a ring or disc that is attached to the inertial member (90) to move with the inertial member (90). The cutting bit (86) includes a cutting edge (88) (Figure 6). The cutting head (22) also includes a first motor (102), a second motor (106), a swivel or bearing plate (110) coupled to the inertial member (90) and a support plate (114) to support the first motor (102) and the second motor (106). The slewing bearing (110) includes a ring gear (118) which is driven by the second motor (106). As best illustrated in Figure 6, the first motor (102) drives a first rod (126) (Figure 6) to rotate the exciter member (94) about an axis of rotation (98). In one embodiment, the second motor (106) rotates the ring gear (118) and the inertial member (90) on the shaft (98).
    [0034] In carrying out Figures 4-6, the inertial member (90) has a frustoconical shape and tapers in the direction of the first end (62) to the second end (66). More specifically, the inertial member (90) includes a main body (130), a cover (134) positioned close to a narrow end of the main body (130) and a sleeve (138) which is positioned inside the body (130) and is coupled to the shelter (134). The housing (134) supports the cutting bit (86) near the second end (66) of the cutting head (22). In other embodiments, the inertial member (90) may have another construction.
    [0035] The tapered shape provides space for the cutting bit (86) to fit into the mine wall (26) while still allowing the boom (18) to position the cutting head (22) and produce an ideal cutting profile. The position and shape of the inertial member (90) are interrelated design factors and the tapered shape allows a minimum amount of mass to provide relatively high “equivalent” mass or moment of inertia. In addition, the tapered shape facilitates cutting along tight curves and performing cut and break mining, as described in more detail below. It is understood that the cutting head (22) can be used to cut a mine wall according to other methods (i.e., the cutting head (22) is not limited to cutting and breaking mining methods). In general, the tapered shape provides a versatile cutting head (22) that allows a series of cutting profiles while positioning the inertial member (90) as close as possible to the cutting bit (86) to increase the efficiency of the cutting operation. cut.
    [0036] In other embodiments, the inertial member (90) may have a different shape or position, depending on the dimensions of the tunnel, the geometry of the boom and the ideal effective mass. The inertial member (90) can include other configurations, such as suspended rotating mass (142) (illustrated in Figure 2), which allows space in the cutting process, or plate-shaped mass.
    [0037] With reference to Figure 6, the exciter member (94) is positioned within the body (130) and particularly within the sleeve (138) of the inertial member (90). The exciter member (94) is supported for rotation with respect to the inertial member (90) by high speed bearings (144). The exciter member (94) is elongated and coupled to the first rod (126) for rotation around the axis of rotation (98). The exciter member (94) is eccentric without contact and includes at least one lobe (134) which is positioned eccentrically with respect to the axis of rotation (98).
    [0038] The exciter member (94) is rotated by the first motor (102) and the rotation of the exciter member (94) "excites" the inertial member (90) and the connected cutting bit (86) and induces desired oscillation in the member inertial (90) and the cutting bit (86). As illustrated in Figure 3A, the inertial member (90) defines a first center of mass (132) that oscillates or orbits around the combined center of mass (80) in a first effective radius. The exciter member (94) defines a second center of mass (136) that oscillates or orbits the combined center of mass (80) in a second effective radius. As illustrated, the movement of the exciter member (94) causes the second center of mass (136) to orbit around the combined center of mass (80), in order to cause the first center of mass (132) to orbit in around the combined center of mass (80). In the illustrated embodiment, the second center of mass (136) has an effective radius greater than the first center of mass (132). The cutting head (22) moves in a circular motion over a point (140). In other words, a reference line (146) that extends between the cutting bit (86) and the point (140) traces a conical shape as the first center of mass (132) oscillates and the cutting bit ( 86) moves in a closed path (148) with a dimension that is proportional to the eccentricity of the oscillatory movement induced on the inertial member (90). In the illustrated embodiment, the path (148) is circular. The reference line (146) defines a radius of the cutting bit (86) from the point (140) and the point (140) defines the apex of the conical shape, while the cutting bit (86) moves along the base of the conical shape.
    [0039] More specifically, the dimension of the path (148) is proportional to the mass of the exciter member (94) and to the eccentricity (that is, axial compensation) of the exciter member (94). The dimension is also inversely proportional to the mass of the inertial member (90). For example, in one embodiment, the inertial member (90) has an effective mass of 1000 kg on the cutter, while the exciter member (94) has an effective eccentric mass of 40 kg on the cutter and eccentricity (ie eccentric oscillation amplitude) of 50 mm. The resulting oscillation of the inertial member (90) is proportional to the product of the mass and eccentricity of the exciter member (94) divided by the mass of the inertial member (90); therefore, the excitation causes the 1000 kg inertial member to oscillate or vibrate with an amplitude of ± 2 mm (that is, the radius of the path (148) of the cutting bit (86) is 2 mm). In other embodiments, the relative masses of the inertial member (90) and the exciter member (94), as well as the eccentricity of the exciter member (94), can be modified to produce the desired oscillation reaction in the inertial member (90).
    [0040] When the cutting bit (86) comes into contact with the mine wall, the wall exerts a reaction force on the cutting bit (86) which resists the oscillating movement of the inertial member (90). To compensate, the feeding force is exerted on the cutting head (22) by the lance (18) to drive the cutting bit (86) towards the wall. The oscillation of the inertial member (90) and the exciter member (94) is controlled so that the inertial member (90) has maximum speed in the direction of the cut when the cutting bit (86) fits into the mine wall.
    [0041] The cutting head (22) holds the inertial member (90) and the cutting bit (84) directly together. Unlike conventional oscillating disk cutters, in which all dynamic cutting forces are transmitted from a cutting bit and through a support arrangement for an inertial mass, the cutting head (22) provides a direct connection between the cutting drill (86) and the inertial member (90). This direct connection allows the inertial member (90) to absorb a significant amount of the dynamic shear force before the load is transmitted to the bearings (110, 144) and thus reduces the load on the bearings (110, 144). In one embodiment, the high-speed bearing (144) is subjected to about 5% of the total dynamic cutting forces. The bearings (110, 144) are also sealed with respect to the rock cutting zone. In addition, the cutting head (22) eliminates dynamic seals in the primary rock cutting zone that operates at high speed over large areas. As a result, it is possible to increase the frequency and eccentricity of the shaving head (22), further increasing the life of the shaving head (22). Therefore, the cutting head (22) increases the efficiency of the cutting operation. The increased frequency and eccentricity allow the cutting bit (86) to exert more dynamic energy on the wall to break the rock without the need for larger cutting components.
    [0042] In one embodiment, the frequency (ie the speed of rotation) and the mass of the inertial member (90), as well as the feed force provided by the boom (18), are generally identical to those of a disc cutter conventional oscillating, but the mass and eccentric radius of the exciter member (94) are increased. The higher excitation increases the path of the inertial member (90) (that is, amplitude of oscillation) and results in energy of greater impact for the rock cutting process. In one embodiment, the impact energy is three to four times greater than the impact energy provided by a conventional oscillating disc cutter.
    [0043] Alternatively, a smaller cutting head (22) can be used to generate the same cutting forces as a conventional cutting head, which offers a lower cost machine that can access and operate in heavily restricted areas of the underground mine . For example, in one embodiment, the inertial member (90) is dimensioned with the same mass and oscillates at the same frequency as a conventional oscillating disc cutter, but requires only half the feed force (ie, the external force applied to the head by the boom (18)) to transmit the same amount of energy to the rock.
    [0044] Figures 1, 7 and 8 illustrate a method of cutting rock from the mine wall (26). Although the method described below refers to the cutting head (22), it is understood that the method can be carried out with a cutting head with a different shape or configuration of the disc cutter, such as a conventional oscillating disc cutter. In one embodiment, the perimeter of the mine wall (26) is first cut (i.e., a relief cut of the wall) to define a profile (150) (Figure 1) of the mine wall (26). The profile (150) can be cut through several passes of the cutting head (22) to increase the depth to a desired level, such as the practical maximum cutting depth of the cutting head (22). In one embodiment, the depth of the cut is in the range of about 200 mm to about 400 mm. After forming the profile (150), the cutting head (22) then cuts several openings (154) in the mine wall (26) and leaves uncut rock sections (158) adjacent to the openings (154). Cutting the openings (154) may require several passes to cut the openings (154) to the desired depth. In the illustrated embodiment, the openings (154) are cut in a generally horizontal direction. In other embodiments, the openings (154) can be cut vertically or at an angle along the mine wall (26) to facilitate fractures. In addition, the terms "high", "high" and "height", as used here to describe this method, generally refer to a vertical dimension of the openings (154) and uncut sections (158), as illustrated in Figures 1, 7 and 8. Although the embodiment illustrated in these figures shows the openings (154) and uncut sections (158) in substantially horizontal orientation, it is understood that the openings (154) and uncut sections (158) may be formed in a different orientation and, in this case, other terms can be used to designate the transversal dimension of these characteristics.
    [0045] As the cutting head (22) makes a final cutting pass through an opening (154) (for example, as the cutting head (22) cuts through the opening (154) to the desired depth ), the protruding (ie uncut) rock sections (158) above and below the opening (154) have lower and upper cuts, respectively, up to the maximum permissible depth of the cutting bit (86). This means that a base on each side of the rock section (158) is notched to create a fracture line adjacent to the mine wall (26) (Figure 7). The ends of the projecting rock section (158) are reduced in a similar way when cutting the perimeter. After the formation of the initial notch (160), the cutting head (22) comes into contact with the projecting rock section (158). The force exerted on the cutting head (22) by the boom (18) and / or the vibration of the inertial member (90) causes the projecting rock section (158) to break the wall (26). Alternatively, the mining machine (10) may include an attached breaker (for example, mounted on a separate boom from the cutting head) that is applied against the rock section (158) to break the rock section (158) along the fracture line.
    [0046] Unlike conventional methods that need to cut virtually all of the rock on the mine wall (26), the method described above allows the operator to selectively cut the rock in order to maximize the fracture potential of the rock and subsequently break uncut rock sections (158). Depending on the type of rock, the presence of cutting planes and the size of the mine wall (26), the “cut and break” method described above can mine the rock so that the ratio between the amount of rock that is broken of the wall (26) and the amount of rock that is cut from the wall (26) exceeds 1: 1. This means that the method requires cutting less than half of the rock that is removed from the wall (26). The method substantially reduces cutting time and energy consumption and also reduces wear on the cutting bit (86) and other cutting head components (22). In some embodiments, the method described above more than doubles productivity in the development of underground opening compared to conventional rock cutting processes.
    [0047] In one embodiment, the cutting bit (86) has a diameter of 400 mm and cuts an opening (154) that is nominally 400 mm high and 250 mm deep, leaving blunt sections of rock protruding (158) that are 200 mm high and 250 mm deep. The speed of the cutter is about 100 mm per second and cuts at a depth of 50 mm per pass. The mine wall (26) is generally about 5 m wide by 4.8 m high. The protruding sections (158) are broken from the mine wall (26) as described above. The cutting method according to this realization requires cutting at least 25% less rock than conventional hard rock cutting methods. This configuration (ie wide drill bit diameter and narrower sections of blunt rock (158)) can be particularly useful for mining extremely hard competent rock (ie rock in which unsupported openings can be cut) .
    [0048] In another embodiment, the drill bit has a diameter of 250 mm and cuts an opening (154) that is nominally 250 mm high and 250 mm deep, leaving blunt sections of rock (158) that usually have 400 mm high and 250 mm deep. The protruding sections (158) are then broken as described above. The cutting method according to the present embodiment requires cutting less than half of the rock that would be cut using conventional hard rock cutting methods. This configuration (ie, narrower drill bit diameter and relatively large blunt rock sections (158)) can be particularly useful for mining hard rock with cutting planes and fractures or rock that has medium strength.
    [0049] Furthermore, the cut and break method provides cuts or openings (154) that are separated by sections of blunt rock (158), which allows a mining machine (10) to incorporate additional cutting heads (22) supported on additional booms (18), and operate simultaneously, which effectively doubles the cutting speed. In addition, each of the shaving heads (22) in a multiple shaving head arrangement can operate towards the other, which effectively neutralizes most cut-induced lance forces that are normally transmitted through the machine (10) and to the mine floor or surrounding rock mass. In addition, an embodiment that includes two cutting heads (22) supported on separate booms (18) can transmit much greater forces on the protruding rock sections (158) and thus increase the permissible height of the protruding rock section (158) a be broken. Each boom (18) can simultaneously transmit loads from a lower cut and upper cut position. By maintaining separation between the centers of the lances (18), the cutting heads (22) apply torque to the rock in addition to exerting direct force and dynamic cutting action.
    [0050] Figure 9 illustrates another embodiment, in which the cutting head (22) includes an arm (60) coupled to the mounting handle (58) and supported by several hydraulic cylinders (72). The illustrated embodiment includes four hydraulic cylinders (72a) positioned at intervals of about 90 degrees around the perimeter of the cutting head (22). The arm (60) includes a fifth cylinder (72b) that extends from the center of the support plate (70) to the mounting handle (58) and the cutting head (22) oscillates around a point (140) on the junction between the cylinder (72b) and the mounting handle (58). Other achievements may include more or less hydraulic cylinders. The cylinders (72) are coupled to one or more hydraulic accumulators (not shown) so that the cylinders (72) behave similarly to the springs (78) to react to the forces exerted on and by the cutting head (22). In addition, hydraulic cylinders (72a) can be driven to rotate the cutting head (22) with respect to the mounting handle (58) and the central cylinder (72b) extends the cutting head (22) with respect to the mounting handle. assembly (58).
    [0051] The operation of the cylinders (72) provides omnidirectional control of the cutting head (22) to maintain the desired orientation of the cutting head (22) with respect to the mine wall (26) (that is, the angle of attack). In addition, the cylinders (72) can more accurately detect the force response of the cutting head (22), providing accurate measurement of the cutting force exerted by the cutting head (22) and allowing the operator to more accurately control the cutting force. An automatic system controls the cutting force based on several factors, such as frequency of oscillation or speed, mass of the inertial member and eccentricity of the exciter member. In other embodiments, a different type of cutting head (which includes a cutting head that does not include the exciter grease) can be attached to the mounting handle (58) by the cylinders (72).
    [0052] Figures 10 and 11 illustrate a cutting head (222) according to another embodiment. The cutting head (222) is generally similar to the cutting head (22) described above in relation to Figures 4-6 and similar characteristics are identified by similar reference numbers plus (200).
    [0053] As illustrated in Figures 10 and 11, the cutting head (222) includes a cutting drill (286), an inertial member (290), an exciter member (294) and a motor (302) to drive the member driver (294). The inertial member includes a body (330) and a cover (332) coupled to an end of the body (330). The cutting bit (286) is generally ring-shaped or annular and includes a cutting edge (288). The cutting bit (286) is attached to one end of the cover (332) by a retaining ring (336) (Figure 10). A radial and thrust bearing plate (340) (Figure 10) is positioned between the cutting bit (286) and the end of the cover (332) to support the cutting bit (286) for rotation with respect to the cover (332 ). The support plate (340) supports the cutting bit (286) against radial and axial loads. The exciter member (294) includes an eccentric mass (334) coupled to a rod (326). In the illustrated embodiment, the mass (334) has two lobes (334a, 334b) which are positioned eccentrically with respect to the axis of rotation (298). The rod (326) is driven on the shaft (298) by the motor (302). The motor (302) is coupled to a support plate (270) of the cutting head (222).
    [0054] In carrying out Figures 10 and 11 only the exciter member (294) is driven by the motor (302); the cutting head (222) does not include an external motor for directing the inertial member (290) directly. However, the inertial member (290) is pivotally coupled to the support plate (270) by a bearing (308) and, therefore, the inertial member (290) rotates freely. In addition, the cutting bit (286) rotates freely with respect to the inertial member (290) due to the bearing plate (340). The inertial member (290) rotates about the axis (298) due to the oscillation induced by the rotation of the exciter member (294). The cutting bit (286) rotates at a relatively low speed due to the reaction forces exerted on the cutting bit (286) by the rock in the mine wall. In one embodiment, the cutting bit has a diameter of 400 mm and rotates at a speed of about 30 rpm.
    [0055] In another embodiment, illustrated in Figure 2, the lobes (334a, 334b) of the exciter member (294) rotate independently of each other. The first motor (302) fits into a first gear (316) which is coupled to a first rod (326a), or outer rod. The first lobe (334a) is coupled to the outer rod (326a) and the operation of the first motor (302) drives the first lobe (334a) to rotate around the axis (298). The cutting head (222) also includes a second motor (304) that fits on a second gear (320) that is coupled to a second shank (326b), or internal shank. The second lobe (334b) is coupled to the inner rod (326b) and the operation of the second motor (306) drives the second lobe (334b) to rotate around the axis (298). The relationship between the lobes (334a, 334b) can be adjusted to provide a desired moment of inertia. For example, the lobes (334a, 334b) can be moved to diametrically opposite positions (that is, the angle between the lobes (334a, 334b) is 180 degrees). If the lobes (334a, 334b) have the same mass, this setting effectively cancels or "turns off" the excitation. When the lobes (334a, 334b) are positioned in the same relative position around the stem (326), maximum energy is released to the inertial member (290).
    [0056] In other embodiments, the lobes (334a, 334b) rotate in the opposite direction, so that the lobe (334a) rotates around the axis (298) in a first direction, while the other lobe (334b) rotates around axis (298) in a second opposite direction. When the lobes that rotate in the opposite direction (334a to 334b) have the same mass, the cutting head (222) will produce an action similar to the jackhammer on the cutting edge of the cutting bit. Due to the configuration of the cutting bit (286), the crusher effect acts at a 90 degree angle. Alternatively, if the lobes (334a, 334b) have different masses, the counter-rotating exciter member (294) will drive the edge of the drill bit (286) along a path (148) (Figure 3A) with an elliptical shape .
    [0057] As shown in Figures 13 and 14, the cutter head (222) includes an internal fluid flow path (370) for a cut release system. The flow path (370) is in fluid communication with a fluid source, such as a pump (not shown). The flow path (370) includes a first passage (374) that extends through the rod (326) of the exciter member (294) and multiple second passages (378) that extend through the cutting bit (286). In the illustrated embodiment, the first pass (374) extends to a cutting bit ring holder (286) and is in fluid communication with the second pass (378). The second passages (378) extend radially (that is, in a direction that is not parallel to the axis (298)) of the first pass (374) through the cutting bit (286) to nozzles (382) positioned along the perimeter of the cutting bit (286) between the cutting tips (386) (Figure 14). The release fluid (e.g., water) is pumped through the first passage (374) and through the second passage (378) before being discharged through the nozzles (382). The fluid discharge path is aligned with the primary cutting direction.
    [0058] The cut release system eliminates hoses or other fluid conductors near the cut interface. In addition, the cutting release system does not require additional moving parts within the cutting head (222), since the first pass (374) is fixed and statically sealed to the cutting bit (286). In addition, incorporating the nozzles (382) into the cutting bit (286) reduces the potential for damage to the fluid circuit or blockage caused by cuts or debris.
    [0059] Unlike conventional oscillating disk cutter systems that only allow the adjustment of the movement or speed of the disk cutter, the mining machine (10) monitors certain characteristics of the cutting head (22) and incorporates response from the cutting interface to adjust certain parameters. The mining machine (10) detects changes in the conditions of the cutting operation (for example, a change in hardness or density of the rock) and incorporates the information detected in a response control circuit to modify the operating parameters of the cutting head (22) and optimize the cutting performance. These operating parameters may include the depth of cut, the angle of attack of the drill bit (86) with respect to the mine wall, the eccentricity of the exciter member (94) and the oscillation frequency of the exciter member (94). Other factors (such as the drill bit diameter (86), the geometry of the cutting edge and cutting edges, and the cut release) can be modified through manual adjustments.
    [0060] The cutting efficiency of the cutting head (22) depends at least partially on the speed of the inertial member (90) in the cutting direction when the cutting bit (86) reaches the mine wall and the frequency of the impacts between the cutting bit (86) and the mine wall. The speed and frequency are controlled to optimize the speed and frequency of the impact of the cutting head (22) with the mine wall. The speed and frequency can be controlled by means of several parameters, such as the effective mass of the exciter member (94), operating frequency of the exciter member (94), stiffness of the cutting head coupling member (22), boom feed, etc.
    [0061] Referring to Figure 9A, as the cutting head (22) oscillates around the center of mass, the cutting bit (86) moves in a generally circular or elliptical motion to fit the mine wall . The control system synchronizes the oscillation of the inertial member (90) with the movement of the cutting bit (86), so that the cutting bit (86) fits into the mine wall when the impulse of the inertial member (90) is substantially directed at the mine wall. This time between the insertion of the cutting bit on the wall and the movement of the inertial member (90) maximizes the speed of the inertial member (90) towards the wall, in order to maximize the kinetic energy transmitted to the wall by the cutting head ( 22). In other embodiments, the cutting bit (86) can make a path with a different shape, the part (86) can fit on the wall in a different position along the path (148) and / or the oscillation of the inertial member (90 ) can be synchronized to provide maximum speed in a different position along the path (148).
    [0062] In one embodiment, the control system adjusts the force exerted by the boom (18) and varies the frequency of oscillation of the exciter member (94) to increase or reduce the cutting energy. These modifications optimize productivity by increasing the cutting speed when possible. In addition, the condition of the tool can be monitored to detect changes in productivity and feed force as the cutting bit becomes blunt.
    [0063] In another embodiment, the cutting head (22) is controlled by directly detecting an indicator of the force exerted by the cutting drill (86) on the mine wall (26) in real time. The control system may include a load cell (for example, a multi-axis tension meter; not shown) positioned on the cutting bit (86) to detect the tension on the cutting bit. The shear force is calculated based on the measured stress. In addition, the control system can include sensors, such as infrared sensors, to monitor the temperature at the cutting interface. The load sensor and thermal sensor provide accurate measurements of the cutting head's performance (22), which allows precise adjustment of certain parameters (such as cutting speed or feed force) to optimize closed-loop control and optimize energy provided at the cutting interface. In another embodiment, the control system includes measuring the cutting speed of the cutting bit (86) with non-contact sensors and varying the cutting speed of the cutting head (22) to optimize the cutting speed. Other achievements may incorporate other adaptive characteristics to optimize the performance of the shaving head (22).
    [0064] In general, increasing the energy supplied by a cutting head (22) to the mine wall (26) results in a greater amount of rock cut from the wall (26). The energy supplied by the cutting head (22) varies, depending on the rotation speed of the cutting bit (86), the eccentricity of the cutting bit (86), the mass of the inertial member (90) and the exciter member and the force cutting feed. In one embodiment, one or more of these parameters remain fixed due to the inherent characteristics of the mining machine (10) and the remaining parameters are dynamically controlled to continuously monitor and optimize the energy output of the cutting head (22). For example, a selected parameter can be slightly varied and the system detects whether the variation increases the cutting speed. If it increases, the selected parameter is adjusted again in the same direction. Otherwise, the parameter is adjusted in the opposite direction and any change in the cutting speed is monitored. The process is repeated frequently to ensure that the machine generates maximum energy output.
    [0065] In another embodiment, the control system provides automatic position and force control of the boom (18). The shaving head operates consistently at maximum capacity and in optimal configuration. In addition, the magnitude and direction of a load on the machine are known and controlled. The cutting force is the same for different applications, conditions, types of rock, etc., but the production speed varies depending on these parameters. Since the system is optimally adjusted for substantially all conditions, it is not necessary to change the parameters if the conditions of the mine are changed (for example, if the density of the rock changes). The cutting operation can be slowed down, if necessary, by reducing the oscillating speed of the cutting bit (86) and / or the exciter mass (94).
    [0066] In other embodiments, the mining machine includes several cutting heads (22) coupled to a common boom (18). Each cutting head (22) is controlled by force, as described above, while the common boom (18) is controlled by position. Each cutting head (22) constitutes a single cutting system with the common boom (18) controlled by position as described above; however, each cutter system is connected by means of the common lance (18). The multi-cutter system is controlled to proceed through the mine wall (26) at a speed that is determined by the least productive individual cutting head (22) (i.e., the master cutting head). The most productive shaving head systems (ie slave shaving heads) are maladjusted to match the speed of the master shaving head, in order to prevent the most productive systems from exceeding the position-controlled boom (18). In one embodiment, the slave cutter (s) are maladjusted by changing one of the operating parameters (for example, the rotation speed of the cutting bit). For example, a master cutting head operates at rated speed, while slave cutting heads operate at speeds lower than the rated value. If a slave cutting head starts to delay, its speed is increased until its cutting performance matches the master cutter. The master shaving head parameter (s) varies (m) continuously to maximize its energy output, as described above in relation to the single shaving head system.
    [0067] If the speed of one of the slave cutting heads is adjusted to exceed the nominal cutting speed due, for example, to a change in cutting conditions, the slave cutter is automatically called the master cutting head and the cutting head previous master becomes a slave. Therefore, the worst performing shaving head is continuously adjusted to achieve its best possible performance and the other shaving heads are controlled to match their performance and thus achieve maximum performance from the combined shaving head assembly. In one embodiment, a significant discrepancy in the relative performance of the cutting heads indicates different rock characteristics or problems in the condition of the cutter.
    [0068] Therefore, the present invention provides, among others, a cutting head for a mining machine. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to certain preferred embodiments, there are variations and modifications within the scope and spirit of one or more aspects of the present invention as described. Various features and advantages of the present invention are set out in the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [0001]
    1. CUTTING HEAD FOR MINING MACHINE, in which the mining machine (10) includes a frame (14) and a boom (18) movably coupled to the frame (14), characterized by the fact that the cutting head ( 22) comprises: - a first member (90) which includes a first end (62) and a second end (66) and includes a first mass (132); - a cutting bit (86) coupled to the first member (90) close to the second end (66), wherein the cutting bit (86) includes a cutting edge (88); and - a second member (94) rotatable about an axis (98) which includes a second mass (136) positioned eccentrically with respect to the axis (98), wherein the second mass (136) and the first mass (132) define, at least partially, a combined center of mass (80) and the rotation of the second mass (136) causes the first member (90) and the cutting bit (86) to oscillate around the combined center of mass (80 ) along a closed path.
    [0002]
    CUTTING HEAD according to claim 1, characterized in that the first member (90) includes a coupling member adapted to support the first member (90) with respect to a boom end (18).
    [0003]
    3. CUTTING HEAD according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the coupling member includes an elastic member that allows the cutting head (22) to oscillate with respect to a boom end (18).
    [0004]
    4. CUTTING HEAD according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the elastic member includes at least one pin (74) and a spring (78), the pin (74) extending between the first end (62 ) of the first member (90) and the end of the boom (18), the spring (78) positioned around the pin (74) to exert a spring force on the first member (90).
    [0005]
    5. CUTTING HEAD according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the elastic member includes at least one hydraulic cylinder (72) positioned between the first end (62) of the first member (90) and the end of the boom ( 18), each cylinder (72) being extendable and retractable to change the angle of the cutting head (22) in relation to the boom (18).
    [0006]
    6. CUTTING HEAD according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized by the fact that the coupling member includes a pivot joint that allows the cutting head (22) to oscillate with respect to one end of the boom (18).
    [0007]
    7. CUTTING HEAD according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the first member (90) and the cutting head (22) oscillate in relation to the combined center of mass (80) along a path closed (148), where the second mass (136) oscillates around the combined center of mass (80) in an effective radius, where a dimension of the closed path (148) is proportional to the mass of the second member (94) and effective radius.
    [0008]
    8. CUTTING HEAD according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that the first member (90) defines a first center of mass (132) and the second member (94) defines a second center of mass mass (136), the first center of mass (132) and the second center of mass (136) define the combined center of mass (80), in which the first center of mass (132) moves orbitally around of the combined center of mass (80) and the second center of mass (136) moves in an orbital manner around the combined center of mass (80).
    [0009]
    9. CUTTING HEAD according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that a reference line (146) extends from the cutting bit (86) to the first end (62) of the first member (90) and in that the oscillation of the first member (90) and the cutting bit (86) moves the reference line (146) and causes the reference line (146) to trace a conical shape with a circular base, a closed path (148) of the first member (90) and the cutting bit (86) extends together with the base and an apex of the conical shape is positioned close to the first end (62) of the first member (90).
    [0010]
    10. CUTTING HEAD according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the first member (90) has a tapered shape, so that the first end (62) is wider than the second end (66).
    [0011]
    11. CUTTING HEAD according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it also comprises an engine that drives the second member (94) around the axis, in which the combined center of mass (80) is also at least partially defined by the engine.
    [0012]
    12. CUTTING HEAD according to claim 11, characterized in that the engine is a first engine (102) and the cutting head (22) additionally comprises a second engine (106) for turning the first member (90) ).
    [0013]
    13. CUTTING HEAD according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second member (94; 294) includes a first movable lobe (334a) around the axis (298) and a second lobe (334b) movable around the axis (298), wherein the second lobe (334b) is movable around the axis (298) with respect to the first lobe (334a); wherein the first lobe (334a) rotates about the axis (298) in a first direction and the second lobe (334b) rotates about the axis (298) in a second direction opposite the first direction.
    [0014]
    14. CUTTING HEAD according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that it further comprises a first motor (302) and a second motor (304), in which the first lobe (334a) is coupled to a first stem (326a ) driven by the first motor (302) and the second lobe (334b) is coupled to a second stem (326b) driven by the second motor (304).
    [0015]
    15. CUTTING HEAD according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the second member (294) includes a rod (326) coupled to the second mass (334) for rotation around the axis (298), in whereas the rod (326) includes a first fluid conductor (374) which extends through the rod (326), the cutting bit (286) also includes a second fluid conductor (378) in fluid communication with the first conductor of fluid (374) and the second fluid conductor (378) extends radially through the cutting bit (286).
    [0016]
    16. CUTTING HEAD according to claim 15, characterized in that the cutting bit (286) includes a ring, a series of cutting tips (386) positioned around a perimeter of the ring and a series of nozzles (382) in fluid communication with the second fluid conductor (378); wherein each nozzle (382) is positioned between adjacent cutting tips (386).
    [0017]
    17. CUTTING HEAD according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the cutting bit (86; 286) is rotatable in relation to the first member (90; 290).
    [0018]
    18. MINING MACHINE (10), characterized by the fact that the mining machine (10) comprises: - a frame (14) to support the machine (10) on a support surface; - a boom (18) which includes a first end coupled to the frame (14) and a second end positioned away from the frame (14); and - the cutting head (10) of any one of the preceding claims coupled to the second end of the boom (18).
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2895690A2|2015-07-22|
    US20200072050A1|2020-03-05|
    EP3663513A1|2020-06-10|
    EP3306034A3|2018-07-18|
    AU2013315063A1|2015-04-02|
    PL3306034T3|2020-06-29|
    EP3301254B1|2019-12-25|
    BR112015005645A8|2019-02-12|
    CA2884641A1|2014-03-20|
    EP3306034A2|2018-04-11|
    PL3301254T3|2020-07-13|
    CN104718346A|2015-06-17|
    AU2013315063B2|2018-03-01|
    EP3656976A1|2020-05-27|
    PE20191678A1|2019-11-19|
    US20140077578A1|2014-03-20|
    EP2895690A4|2016-08-10|
    US10472961B2|2019-11-12|
    WO2014043658A2|2014-03-20|
    CL2015000627A1|2015-07-31|
    CN110056351A|2019-07-26|
    AU2018203820A1|2018-06-21|
    PL2895690T3|2018-05-30|
    BR122020010678B1|2021-08-24|
    BR112015005645A2|2017-08-08|
    CN110056351B|2021-10-29|
    PE20151270A1|2015-09-02|
    CN104718346B|2019-02-22|
    CA2884641C|2021-06-08|
    US20170002657A1|2017-01-05|
    US9470087B2|2016-10-18|
    EP2895690B1|2017-12-06|
    AU2020277282A1|2021-01-07|
    AU2018203820B2|2020-08-27|
    CA3115588A1|2014-03-20|
    EP3656977A1|2020-05-27|
    EP3301254A1|2018-04-04|
    ZA201501723B|2015-12-23|
    WO2014043658A3|2014-06-05|
    EP3306034B1|2020-01-01|
    CL2019001190A1|2019-08-09|
    CL2020002400A1|2020-12-18|
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    法律状态:
    2018-11-21| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-10-01| B25C| Requirement related to requested transfer of rights|Owner name: JOY MM DELAWARE, INC. (US) Free format text: A FIM DE ATENDER A TRANSFERENCIA, REQUERIDA ATRAVES DA PETICAO NO 870190086472 DE 03/09/2019, E NECESSARIO APRESENTAR DOCUMENTO DEVIDAMENTE NOTARIZADO E COM APOSTILAMENTO OU LEGALIZACAO CONSULAR, TRADUCAO JURAMENTADA DO MESMO, ALEM DA GUIA DE CUMPRIMENTO DE EXIGENCIA. |
    2020-01-14| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: JOY GLOBAL UNDERGROUND MINING LLC (US) |
    2020-02-27| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-29| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-01-12| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-03-30| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 16/09/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201261701256P| true| 2012-09-14|2012-09-14|
    US61/701,256|2012-09-14|
    PCT/US2013/060017|WO2014043658A2|2012-09-14|2013-09-16|Cutter head for mining machine|BR122020010678-6A| BR122020010678B1|2012-09-14|2013-09-16|MINING MACHINE, CUTTING HEAD FOR MINING MACHINE, METHOD OF REMOVING MATERIAL FROM A ROCK WALL, AND MINING MACHINE CONTROL METHOD|
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